The 2002 rock/ice avalanche at Kolka/Karmadon, Russian Caucasus: assessment of extraordinary avalanche formation and mobility, and application of QuickBird satellite imagery
A massive rock/ice avalanche of about 100x106m3 volume took place on the northern slope of the Kazbek massif, North Ossetia, Russian Caucasus, on 20 September 2002.The avalanche started as a slope failure, that almost completely entrained Kolka sapatilha infantil prata glitter glacier, traveled down the Genaldon valley for 20km, was stopped at the